Nfs;tp vz;: 13
,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; xNu Fh;Mid Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy;> mth;fspilNa gy gphpTfisAk; - gy tpj;jpahrkhd nfhs;iffisAk; nfhz;bUg;gJ Vd;?.

gjpy;:

1. ,d;]hkpah;fs; xd;W gl Ntz;Lk;:

,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa gy gphpTfshf gphpe;J fplf;fpd;wdh; vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj cz;ik. ,jpy; tUj;jg;glf; $ba nra;jp vd;dntdpy; gphpT vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; nrhy;yg;glhj xd;W. ,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa gphpTfspd;wp xw;WikAld; thoNtz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; ,];yhk; fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;.

"ePq;fs; vy;NyhUk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw tYthf gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;: eP;q;fs; gphpe;Jk; tplhjPh;fs;" vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhdpd; 103 tJ trdk; $WfpwJ.

Nkw;fz;l Fh;Mdpd; trdj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gLk; my;yh`;tpd; fapW vJ njhpAkh?. mUs;kiw Fh;Md;jhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; vd;Dk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; xd;wpize;J gw;wpg; gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j trdj;jpy; ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fs; njhzpf;fpd;wd. mUs; kiw Fh;Md; vd;Dk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; gw;wpg;gpbg;gJld; - ,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa gphpe;Jj; Nghff; $lhJ vd;fpw ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fis Nkw;gb trdk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

"my;yh`;Tf;F fPo; gbAq;fs;. ,d;Dk; (my;yh`;tpd;) J}jUf;Fk; fPo;gbAq;fs;." vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 59tJ trdk; $Wfpd;wJ. Nkw;gb trdq;fspypUe;J ,];yhkpah;fs; ngWk; njspT vd;dntdpy; - mUs;kiw Fh;MidAk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwAk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjahFk;.

2. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; gphptpidfs; cz;lhf;Ftij jil nra;Js;sJ:

"epr;rakhf vth;fs; jq;fsSila khh;f;fj;ij (jk; tpUg;gg;gb gythwhfg;) gphpj;J> gy gphptpduhf gphpe;J tpl;ldNuh mth;fSld;(egpNa!) ckf;F vt;tpj rk;ge;jKkpy;iy. mth;fSila tp\anky;yhk; my;yh`;tplNk cs;sJ. mth;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jitfs; gw;wp Kbtpy; mtNd mth;fSf;F mwptpg;ghd;." vd mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; MwhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;Mk; - d; 159tJ trdk; $WfpwJ. Nkw;gb ,iw trdj;jpypUe;J ekf;F njhptpf;fg;gLk; nr;ajp vd;dntdpy; vth; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ij gy gphpTfshf gphpj;J gy tFg;gpduhf gphpe;J tpl;ldNuh - mth;fistpl;L cz;ikahd ,];yhkpah;fs; tpyfptpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd;.

Mdhy;> xU ,];yhkpaidg; ghh;j;J> "eP ahh;?. vd;W Nfs;tp vOg;gg;gl;lhy; mthplkpUe;J tuf;$ba nghJthd gjpy; "ehd; xU ]{d;dp" vd;gjhfNth my;yJ "ehd; xU \pah" vd;gjhfNthj;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; rpyh; jq;fis> "\h/gp<" vd;Wk;> "`d/gp<" vd;Wk; "`k;gyp" vd;Wk; "khypf;fp" vd;Wk; mioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,d;Dk; rpyh; "ehd; xU Njt;ge;jp<" vd;Wk; "ehd; xU nguy;tp<" vd;Wk; jq;fis mioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;.

3. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; xU cz;ikahd ,];yhkpauhf ,Ue;jhh;fs;:

Nkw;fz;lthW jq;fis mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ,];yhkpah;fisg; ghh;j;J my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; ve;j gphpitr; rhh;e;jth;fs; - mjhtJ mth;fs; "\h/gpah" my;yJ "`d/gpah" my;yJ "`k;gypah" my;yJ "khypf;fpah?" vd;W Nfl;Lg; ghUq;fs;. ,y;iy. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;> mth;fSf;F Kd;Gs;s my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;fisg; Nghd;W xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; vd;gJ kl;LNk mth;fsJ gjpyhf ,Uf;Fk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My - ,k;uhdpd; 54tJ trdk; egp <]h (miy) mth;fs; Xh; ,];yhkpah; vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My - ,k;uhdpd; 67tJ trdk; egp ,g;wh`pk; (miy) mth;fs; Xh; a+jNuh my;yJ fpwp];JtNuh my;y. mth; my;yh`;Tf;F Kw;wpYk; topg;gl;l Xh; ,];yhkpah; vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.


4. cq;fis eP;q;fs; K];ypk;fs; vd;W milahsk; fhl;Lq;fs; vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; typAWj;JfpwJ:

vtuhtJ ,];yhkpah;fis ePq;fs; ahh; vd;W Nfl;lhy; - ,];yhkpah;fs; jhq;fs; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ijr; rhh;e;jth; vd;W nrhy;y Ntz;LNkj; jtpu jhq;fs; Xh; \h/gp< vd;Nwh my;yJ jhq;fs; Xh; `d/gp vd;Nwh nrhy;yf; $lhJ.
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehw;gj;J xd;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `hkPk; ][;jhtpd; 33tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

"vth; my;yh`;tpd; gf;fk; (kf;fis) mioj;J> ]hyp`hd (ey;y) mky;fisr; nra;J> "epr;rakhf ehd; (my;yh`;Tf;F Kw;wpYk; topgl;l) K];ypk;fspy; epd;Wk; cs;std; vd;W $Wfpd;whNuh> mtiu tpl nrhy;yhy; mofpath; ahh;?.(,Uf;fpd;whh);".

NtW thh;j;ijfspy; nrhy;tnjd;why; - ehd; xU K];ypk; - vd;W nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;gjhFk;.

my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp ( ]y;) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj kd;dh;fSf;Fk;> Ml;rpahsh;fSf;Fk; jghy; %ykhf ,];yhj;jpw;F tUkhW miog;G tpLg;ghh;fs;. mt;thW miog;G tpLf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; 64 tJ trdj;jpd; filrp thpfshf mike;jpUf;Fk; "epr;rakhf ehq;fs; K];ypk;fs; vd;gjw;F ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf ,Uq;fs;" vd;fpw trdj;ij Fwpg;gpl;L jghy;fis mDg;gp itg;ghh;fs;.

5. ,];yhj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fSf;F fz;bg;ghf kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

khpahijf;Fhpa khh;f;f mwpQh;fshd ,khk; \h/gp (u`;)> ,khk; mg+ `dP/gh (u`;)> ,khk; `k;gy; (u`;)> ,khk; khypf; (u`;) MfpNahh; cl;gl ,];yhj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; midtUf;Fk; ehk; fz;bg;ghf kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mth;fs; Ma;T nra;J ,];yhj;jpw;F je;j gy ey;y nra;jpfSf;fhf my;yh`; mth;fSf;F kWikapy; ew;$ypia toq;fl;Lk;. ,];yhkpah;fs; ,khk; \h/gp (u`;) mth;fs; Ma;T nra;J ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fisNah my;yJ ,khk; `d/gp (u`;) mth;fs; Ma;T nra;J ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fisNah - ntspaplg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; Fh;Md; - `jP]{f;F khw;wkpy;yhj gl;rj;jpy; - vLj;J nray; gLj;Jtij vtUk; Ml;Nrgpf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; "eP ahh;?" vd;W ,];yhkpaiu Nehf;fp Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpf;F "ehd; xU K];ypk;" vd;gJjhd; gjpyhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1. xU rpyh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;j " vdJ rKjhak; 73 gphptpduhf gphpth;" (Nkw;gb nra;jp mg+jht+j; vd;Dk; `jP];(nra;jp) Gj;jfj;jpd; 4579tJ nra;jpahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ) vd;fpw nra;jpia jq;fsJ gphptpid thjj;jpw;F Mjhukhff; fhl;b thjpLth;.
Nkw;gb nra;jpia mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; - ,];yhkpa rKjhak; 73 gphpthf gphpAk; vd;W Kd;dwptpg;G nra;jhh;fNsj; jtpu> mth;fs; mwptpj;j Nehf;fk; ,];yhkpa rKjhak; jq;fSf;Fs;NsNa gy gphpTfshf gphpa Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf my;y. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,];yhkpah;fs; gy gphpTfshf gphpe;J tplf;$lhJ vd;W ,];yhkpah;fSf;F fl;lis ,Lfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fl;lisapd;gb - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwg;gb ahh; ,];yhj;jpy; gphptpidfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iyNah - mth;fs;jhd; cz;ikahd ,];yhkpa topapy; elg;gth;fs;.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;jhh;fs; - vd;Dila ck;kj;jpdh; 73 $l;lj;jpduhf gphpth;. mjpy; XNunahU $l;lj;ijj; jtpu kw;w midj;J gphptpdUk; eufj;Jf;Fr; nry;thh;fs;. Nkw;gb mwptpg;ig Nfl;l mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; md;Gj; Njhoh;fs; Nfl;ldh; nrhh;f;fj;Jf;F nry;Yk; me;j $l;lk; vJ?. vd;W. mjw;F mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; gjpyspj;jhh;fs;: me;j $l;lk; ehDk; vdJ md;Gj; Njhoh;fSk; cs;slq;fpa $l;lk; vd;W. ( Nkw;gb nra;jp jph;kpjp vd;w nra;jpg; Gj;jfj;jpd; 171tJ nra;jpahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. )

"my;yh`;Tf;F fl;Lg;gLq;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; J}jUf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;" vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; mUs;kiw Fh;MidAk ; - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwiaAk;jhd; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;Fk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwf;Fk; khw;wkpy;yhj gl;rj;jpy; ve;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisAk; xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. xU khh;f;f mwpQhpd; fUj;J - mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;Fk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwf;Fk; Kuz;gLkhapd; me;j fUj;Jf;F xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. Nkw;gb khh;f;f mwpQh; vt;tsT fw;Wj; Njh;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhpNa.

,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid - fw;wwpe;J - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; fhl;bj; je;j topKiwia rhptu gpd;gw;WNthk; vdpy; ,iw ehl;lj;jpy; ekf;fpilNa ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j gphptpid vd;w NtWghL ek;kplkpUe;J kiwAk;. ekf;Fs;Ns gphptpidaw;w rpwe;j xw;WikAk; cUthFk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 14

,];yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - K];ypk;fspy; gyh; ek;gpf;if - ehzakw;wth;fshfTk; - Vkhw;Wgth;fshfTk; - yQ;rk; thq;Fgth;fshfTk; - Nghijg;nghUs;fspd; njhlh;Gilath;fshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;?.

gjpy;:

1. Clfq;fs; gug;Gk; mtJ}Wfs;:

,];yhk; Xh; rpwe;j khh;f;fk; vd;gjpy; re;NjfNkapy;iy. Mdhy; cyfpd; ngUk;ghyhd Clfq;fs; ,];yhj;ijf; fz;L gae;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Nkw;Fyfj;jpd; ifapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j Clfq;fs; njhlh;r;rpahf ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fis mr;rpl;Lk;> xyp-xsp gug;gpAk; tUfpd;wd;. ,e;j Clfq;fs; ,]yhj;ijg; gw;wpa jtwhd jfty;fis jUtijAk;> ,];yhkpa fUj;Jf;fis jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ghh;g;gijAk; njhopyhf nfhz;Ls;sd.

vg;NghJ> vq;F ntbFz;L ntbj;jhYk; - ve;jtpj MjuKkpd;wp - Kjd; Kjypy; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gLtJ K];ypk;fs;jhd;. ,e;j Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Clfq;fspd; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpahf ,Uf;Fk;. gpd;dh; mth;fs; ntspapl;l nra;jp jtW vd;W njhpAk; gl;rj;jpy; - me;j nra;jp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fg;glhj nra;jpahf khwptpLk;.

XU Ik;gJ taJ K];ypk; nghpath; 15 taJ ngz;iz - me;j ngz;zpz; rk;kjj;NjhL - jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhy; me;j nra;jp Clfq;fspd; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpahf ,Uf;Fk;. mNj rkak; Ik;gJ taJ K];ypk; my;yhj xUth; 6taJ rpWkpAld; ty;YwT nfhz;L tpl;lhy; me;j nra;jp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fg;glhky; - nra;jpf; Fwpg;Gfs; Nghd;W gpuRhpf;fg;gLk;. mnkhpf;fhtpy; jpdKk; 2>713 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd. me;j nra;jpfs; vJTk; Clfq;fspy; ntspaplg;gLtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; nra;tJ mnkhpf;fh;fspd; tho;f;ifNahL xd;wpg; Ngha; tpl;lJ.

2. xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpYk; Fw;wthspfs; cz;L.

,];yhkpah;fspy; rpyh; ek;gpf;if> ehzak; mw;wth;fshfTk;> Vkhw;Wgth;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. Mdhy; ,e;j Clfq;fs; ,];yhkpah;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; ,t;thW ,Ug;gjhf nghpJ gLj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpYk; Fw;wthspfs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,];yhkpah;fs; rpyh; Fbfhuh;fshf ,Ug;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpAk;. Mdhy; ,];yhk; my;yhjth;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikNahh; Fbfhuh;fs; vd;gJ vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j nra;jp.

3. nkhj;j rKjhaj;jpYk; ,];yhkpah;fNs rpwe;jth;fs;:

,];yhkpa rKjhaj;jpy; xU rpy Fw;wthspfs; ,Ue;jhYk; - cyfpy; cs;s nkhj;j rKjhaj;Jld; ,];yhkpah;fis xg;gpLk;NghJ - ,];yhkpah;fs;jhd; rpwe;jth;fs; vd;gjpy; re;NjfNkapy;iy. nkhj;j rKjhaj;jpYk; ,];yhkpah;fs; jhd; rpwe;jth;fs;. ,];yhkpah;fs; kJ mUe;Jtij Mjhpg;gjpy;iy. ,];yhkpah;fs;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpfkhf jh;kk; toq;Fgth;fs;. ed;dlj;ij> gz;ghL> kdpj khz;Gfisg; nghWj;jtiu ,];yhkpahh;fNshL NtW vtiuAk; xg;gplKbahj msTf;F ,];yhkpah;fs; rpwe;jth;fs; vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j xd;W.

4. thfdk; Xl;Lgtiu itj;J thfdj;ij gw;wpa fzpg;Gf;F tu Ntz;lhk;.

xU Gjpa khly; "nkh;]pb]; fhh;" rpwe;jjh ,y;iyah vd;gJ gw;wp mwpa Ntz;Lnkdpy; - me;j fhiu Xl;Lgtiu itj;J xU KbTf;F tu KbahJ. fhiu Xl;Lgth; jpwik rhypahf ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gjhy; "nkh;]pb]; fhh;" rpwe;jJ ,y;iy vd;w KbTf;F tu KbahJ. xU fhh; rpwe;jjh ,y;iyah vd;W mwpa Ntz;Lnkdpy; fhiu Nkhrkhf Xl;Lgtiu itj;J - fhh; rpwe;jJ ,y;iy vd;w KbTf;F tuf; $lhJ. khwhf me;j fhUila jpwik vd;d?. me;j fhUila kw;WKs;s gad;fs; vd;d?. me;j fhh; vd;d Ntfj;jpy; nry;Yk; - me;j fhUila vhpnghUs; Efh;T vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk; - me;j fhUila ghJfhg;Gj; jd;ik vd;d?.. vdgijnay;yhk; itj;Jjhd; Nkw;gb fhh; rpwe;jjh? ,y;iyah vd;w KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lk;. xU thjj;jpw;fhf ,];yhkpah;fs; ey;yth;fs; my;y vd;W itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk;> ,];yhj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wgth;fis itj;J - ,];yhk; khh;f;fk; gw;wpa xU KbTf;F tUjy; $lhJ. ,];yhk; ve;j msTf;F rpwe;j khh;f;fk; vd;w xU KbTf;F tuNtz;Lnkdpy; - ,];yhj;jpd; cz;ikahd - njspthd Mjhuq;fshd - mUs;kiw Fh;MidAk; - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; tho;f;if topKiwfisAk; itj;Nj xU KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lk;.

5. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp xU KbTf;F tu> ,];yhkpa flikfis rhptu gpd;gw;wpath;fis ghUq;fs;. ,];yhj;ij rhptu gpd;gw;wpath;fspy; Kjd;ikahdth; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;:
xU thfdj;ijg; gw;wpa KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lnkdpy; - me;j thfdj;ij ,af;ff; $ba xU rpwe;j thfd Xl;bia itj;J - thfdj;ij ,af;fpdhy;jhd; thfdj;ij gw;wpa xU KbTf;F tu KbAk;. mJNghyNt - ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa xU KbTf;F tu - ,];yhj;ij rhpahd Kiwapy; gpd;gw;Wtjw;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lha; tpsq;ff;$ba - my;yh`;tpd; ,Wjpj; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; tho;f;if topKiwfisg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk; ,];yhkpah;fs; my;yhj - Vuhskhd tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fs; - my;yh`;tpd;J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; Xh; rpwe;j khkdpjh; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;. ikf;Nfy; vr;. `hh;l; vOjpa "jp `d;l;ul; Nkh];l; ,d;/GSad;rpay; nkd; ,d; `p];lhp" (The Hundred Most Influential Men in History" vd;w Gj;jfj;jpy; - kdpj kdq;fis fth;e;j E}W kdpjh;fspy; Kjyplk; tfpg;gJ my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;. ,t;thW mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F rpwe;j khpahij toq;fpa tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fspy; jhk]; fhh;ypy;> (Thomas Carlyle) yh-khh;bd; (La - Martin) MfpNahUk; mlq;Fth;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 15
"fh/gPh;" vd;W mioj;J khw;W kjj;jth;fis> K];ypk;fs; mtkjpg;gJ Vd;?.

gjpy;:

"fh/gPh;" vd;why; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth; vd;W nghUs;:

"fh/gPh;" vd;fpw muG thh;j;ij "F/g;h;" vd;fpw muG %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. "F/g;h;" vd;fpw muG thh;j;ijf;F epuhfhpj;jy; my;yJ cz;ikia kiwj;jy; vd;W nghUs;. ,];yhkpa fiyr;nrhy; fsQ;rpaj;jpd;gb Nkw;gb thh;j;ijf;F ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth; my;yJ ,];yhk; gw;wpa cz;ikfis kiwg;gth; vd;W nghUs; cz;L. mjid jkpo; nkhopapy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;syhk;.

khw;W kjj;jth;fNs! - "fh/gPh;" vd;w nrhy; cq;fis Gz;gLj;Jtjhf fUjpdhy; > ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

khw;W kjj;jth;fNs! "fh/gPh;" vd;w ePq;fs; miof;fg;gLtJ cq;fis Gz;gLj;Jtjhf fUjpdhy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fis vtUk; "fh/gPh;" (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;shjth;) vd;W miof;f khl;lhh;fs;.
 

jkpo; ,];yhkpa nra;jp Clfj;jpd; cyf tiy

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