,e;J kjj;jpy; itjPfg; gpuhk;kz kj flTsh;fisj; jtpu vz;zw;w GJf; flTsh;fSk; topghl;Lf; Fwpatuhfg; gupzkpj;jdh;. gioa flTsh;fis GJg;gpj;Jk; Gjpa flTsh;fis cz;lhf;fpAk; fpuhk nja;tq;fshfg; Gwefh; thrpfshy; gz;ilf; fhyk; njhl;L topgl;Lte;j rpy nja;tq;fSk; rw;W Mupag;gz;ghL nkUNfw;wg;gl;L ,e;J kjj;jpDs; GFe;jd.

,e;J rkaf; Nfhapy;fs; mtw;wpy; Gjpjhfj; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l gy nja;tq;fs; vd;gdnty;yhk; itjPf kugpduhd gpuhk;kzh;fspd; rKjhar; nry;thf;ifAk;> Mjpf;fj;ijAk; Fiwj;Jtpltpy;iy. ve;epiyapYk; th;zhrpuk jh;kj;ijf; iftpltpy;iy. gpuhk;kzh;fs; jq;fspd; flTs; nfhs;if Nfhl;ghL midj;ijAk; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jdh;. Mdhy; jq;fis kl;Lk; cah; me;j];jpyhf;Fk; th;zhrpu jh;kj;ij tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fNt ,y;iy. gpuhk;kzh;fNs Nfhapy;fspYk; ngUk;ghd;ik G+rhupfshfr; nray;gl;lhh;fs;. Nfhapy;> eph;khzk;> flTs; gbk Mf;fk;> topghl;L Kiwfs; vd;gd gw;wp Mfkq;fs; vd;Dk; rka E}y;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;ld. gpuhk;kzh;fNs ,tw;iwAk; ,aw;wp jq;fs; cupikia jFjpia epiyehl;b tUfpd;wdh;.

,e;J kjj;jpy; flTs; nfhs;iff;F vt;tpj Kf;fpaj;JtKk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. ve;j flTisAk;> tzq;fyhk;. vg;gbAk; tzq;fyhk; vd;Wk; epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; Vuhskhd gf;jp ,af;fq;fs; Njhd;wp ehsiltpy; mitfNs rpW rpW kjq;fshf gupzkpj;jd.

fp.gp.6-k; E}w;whz;bypUe;J fp.gp 10 k; E}w;whz;L tiuf;Fl;gl;l fhyj;ij gf;jp ,af;f fhyk; vd;gh;. gf;jp ,af;fq;fs; Kjd; Kjypy; jkpo;ehl;by;jhd; Njhd;wpaJ. Mo;thh;fspd; Kaw;rpahy; itzt kjKk;> ehad;khh;fs; Kaw;rpahy; irt kjKk; Njhd;wp tsh;e;jJ. gpuk;kdpd; topghL mUfptpl;ljhapDk; tp\;ZTk;> rptDk; md;W NghyNt ,d;Wk; G+[pf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;.

Mo;thh;fs;> ehad;khh;fs; fhyj;jpw;F gpwF Vuhskhd Mr;rhupah;fs; Njhd;wp GJg;GJ rkaj; jj;Jtq;fisf; $wp GJg;GJ kjq;fSf;F m];jpthuk; Nghl;ldh;. jkJ nrhe;j mDgtq;fisAk; nray;fisAk; tho;tpd; Nguhde;jkhfTk; Mo;e;J mDgtpf;f Ntz;ba epfo;TfshfTk; fUjpdh;. (Mdhy; rpy Nghijg; nghUl;fs;> %isia kpd;rhu mjph;r;rpf;F cl;gLj;Jjy;> %isapy; Vw;gLk; fhaq;fs;> fdTfs; Mfpatw;wpd; %ykhfTk; mj;jifa gutr mDgtq;fisAk; ngw KbAk; vd;gijAk; mwptpay; njspthf;fpAs;sJ) mj;jifa Md;kPf mDgtq;fis Mjhukhff;fhl;b jkJ nrhe;j fUj;Jfspd; mbg;gilapy; GJg;GJ jj;Jtq;fis kf;fs; Kd; itj;jdh;.

rq;fuhr;rhupah;> uhkhD[hr;rhupahh;> kj;thpr;rhupahh;> ty;yghr;rhupahh;> epkghh;f;fhr;rhupahh; Kjypa Mr;rhupah;fs; KiwNa mj;itjk;> tprp\;lhj;itjk;> Jitjk;> Jitjhj;itjk;> Rj;jhj;itjk; Kjypa gy jj;Jtq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpdh;. ahUf;F ve;j top gpbj;jNkh mjpy; nry;y ve;j jilAk; fpilahJ vd;W ,e;J kjk; $wpaJ. ,JNghd;w gy jj;Jtq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; Njhd;wpa gf;jp ,af;fq;fNs gpw;fhyj;jpy; gy kjq;fshf gupzkpj;jJ.

irt kjk;> itzt kjk;> mj;itjk;> ];khh;j;jkjk;> Jitjk;> tprp\;lhj;itjk;> tPuirtkjk;> rPf;fpakjk;> gpUk;k rkhIk;> gpuhh;j;jid rkh[k;> Mupa rkh[k; vd;W gy gf;jp ,af;fq;fSk; ,d;Dk; ,uhkehjh;> irjd;ah;> QhdRth;> gpshthl;];fp mk;ikahh;> ,uhk fpU\;z guk`k;rh;> Rthkp tpNtfhde;jh; Nghd;Nwhh;fs; gyUk; gf;jp ,af;fq;fis Muk;gpj;J gygy jj;Jtq;fis vLj;J itj;jdh;.

Gj;jkjKk; $l ,e;J kjj;jpd; cl;gpupNt vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. Gj;jkjk; ,e;J kjj;jpd; Kul;Lf; Foe;ij vd;fpwhh; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jh;.

Rujhdp vd;Dk; K];ypk; ngz; =uq;f Nfhtpypy; gs;spf; nfhz;l ngUkhs; uq;fehj Rthkpf;Fk; kpfTk; gpuaKs;stshf ,Ue;jhs; vd;W ];jy Guhzk; $Wfpwjhk;. mjdhy; tpN\r ehl;fspy; uq;fehj Rthkpf;F t];jpuj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf rptg;gpy; fl;lk; Nghl;l ifyp (Yq;fp) fl;b K];ypkhf;fp (??) tzq;fp tUfpwhh;fs;. ,d;dk; Rujhdp ehr;rpahUf;Fk; RtNuhtpak; jPl;bAk; tzq;Ffpwhh;fs;. Vndd;why; ,];yhj;jpy; cUttopghL mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iyahk;. mjdhy; Xtpa topahL nra;fpwhh;fshk;. =uq;fk; Nfhtpypy; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j tzf;f topghLk; ,e;J kjj;jpd; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w tzf;f topghlhFk;.

`pe;J - vd;gij tiuaWj;Jf; $wptpLtJ kpfTk; vspJ. `pe;J vd;gtd; flTspd; ngauhy; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w vijAk; fz;iz %bf;nfhz;L ek;Gthd;. mjd; Mjhuq;fisg; gw;wpNah cz;ikfisg; gw;wpNah xU NghJk; ftiyg;gl khl;lhd; vd;fpwhh; mnkupf;f mwpQh; rhh;y];.

Vfk; rh];jpuk;> VNfh Njth> xd;Nw Ntjk;> xUtNd Njtd; vd;W $Wk; ,e;J kjk;jhd; gy flTs;fs; cz;L vd;W $WfpwJ. flTs; cUtkw;wtd;. tbtkw;wtd; vd;W $Wk; ,e;J kjk;jhd; flTs; cUtKs;std;> tbtKs;std; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. mtjhu GU\h;fSk; flTshFk;. Fy nja;tq;fs; vd;Dk; ngaupy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd gy nja;tq;fSk;;> Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhb nja;tq;fSk; ,e;J kjj;jpy; cz;L. vq;F nrd;W vJTk; jpUk;Gtjpy;iyNah me;j cah;e;j ,lj;jpy; gpugQ;rj;jpw;F mg;ghy; Vf ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;.

mjhtJ gilj;jtd; NtW> gilf;fg;gl;lit NtW vd;W $WtJk; ,e;J kjk;jhd;. vy;yhk; ,iwkak;> rh;tk; rptkak;> tp\;ZNt ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpy; gue;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. ,jpy; flTis ek;Gk; M];jpfDf;Fk; ,lk; cz;L. flTNs ,y;iy vd;w thjpf;Fk; rh;thfd; vd;w eh];jpfDf;Fk; ,lk; cz;L. ,J ,iwf;fl;lis ,g;gbj;jhd; tzq;f Ntz;Lk;> topgl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw fl;Lg;ghNl fpilahJ. mtuth; ,\;lg;gb vg;gb Ntz;LkhdhYk; ele;J nfhs;syhk;. vij Ntz;LkhdhYk; tzq;fpnfhs;syhk;. ,Jjhd; ,e;J kjk;.

,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Mupah;fs; EioAk;NghJ nfhz;Lte;j ehd;kiwfSk; NtjhnkhopapNy ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ ,e;J kj gz;bjh;fspd; fUj;J MFk;. ,e;j NtjhnkhopNahL gy;NtW nkhopfs; njhlh;Gilajhf ,Ue;jjhfTk; mjpy; <uhdpfspd; ghh;]p nkhop kpfTk; neUq;fpa njhlh;gilajhf ,Ue;jjhfTk; $Wfpd;wdh;.

'<uhdpah;fspd; Ntjkhd mt];jAila nkhopAk; rk];fpUj nkhopAk; kpfTk; neUf;fKilajhf cs;sJ" vd;W = fpU\;z irjd;ah; jd;Dila history of Sanskrit Literature vd;Dk; E}ypy; $Wfpwhh;.

gz;ila <uhdpa nkhopf;Fk; ehd;kiwfSKs;s Ntjnkhopf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s neUf;fkhdJ <uhdpah;fSf;Fk; ,e;Njh Mupah;fSf;FKs;s neUf;fj;ij Muk;gj;jpy; mth;fs; xNu ,dj;jtuhf ,Ue;jhh;fs; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. Mupah;fspd; xU ghfj;jpdNu <uhdpypUe;J ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Eioe;jdh; vd;gij <uhd;-Mh;ad; vDk; ngah; xw;WikAk; $l mjid cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.

ghurPf Mupah;fSila Gdpj E}yhd n[d;l; mt];jhtpy; cah;e;j flTshf kjpf;fg;gLtJ M`_uh k];jh vdg;gLk; nja;tkhFk;. mth;fs; nkhopapy; M`_uh vd;gJ tlnkhopapy; M]_uh; vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F epfh;. ,e;jpa Mupah;fshy; M]_uh; vd;W gopj;Jk; ,opj;Jk; $wg;gl;lth;. ghurPf Mupah;fshy; M`_uh vd;Dk; kjpg;gpw;Fupa flTshfg; Nghw;wg;gl;ldh;. ,iwtd; xUtNd. mtid mth;fs; m`_uh kh[;lh (,d;iwa <uhdpa nkhopapy; Xh; k[;L) vd;W miof;fpwhh; nka;awpT ngUkhd; (the wise Lord) vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshFk;.

,jpypUe;J <uhdpYs;s xU ghfj;jpdh; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; EioAk; Kd; <uhdpy; Mupah;fs; jq;fpapUe;j NghJ jq;fSf;Fs; Vw;gl;l Fyr;rz;ilapd;NghJ Njhy;tpAw;w Fyj;jpdh; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs;; GFe;jdh; vd;W tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

<uhdpy; jq;fpapUe;j Mupah;fspd; kjk; n[huh];bukjk; my;yJ ghh;]p kjk; vd;W tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs; $Wfpd;wd. n[huh];buh; vd;Dk; jPh;f;fjuprp mjid ];jhgpj;jhh; vd;wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; mjd; Ntjq;fshd jrhjPiuAk; n[z;l mts;[Ak; MuhAk;NghJ mjpy; ,];yhj;jpd; Vfnja;tf; nfhs;ifAk; J}Jj;Jtf; nfhs;ifAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

n[z;l; mt];ijapy; xU trdk; $WfpwJ.

,iwtd; MjpAk; me;jKkpy;yhjtd;. mtDf;F giftDkpy;iy> je;ijAkpy;iy> jhAkpy;iy> FkhuDkpy;iy> Fkhuj;jpAkpy;iy> tPNlh> tho;tplNkh ,y;iy. cUtNkh> epwNkh> kzNkh ,y;iy (Ref. Mohamedin world scriptures by Abdul Hap Vidyarthi)

,d;Dk; ,Wjp ,iwj;J}jh; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fis N]ha;];ahd;e; vd;Dk; ngaupy; Kd;dwptpg;G nra;fpwJ. ,iwtd; Fwpg;gpLk; u`;kj;Jy; MykPd; (mfpy cyfj;jpd; mUl;nfhil) vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs; MFk;.

,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; Vfnja;tf; nfhs;ifAk; J}Jj;Jtf; nfhs;ifAk; ghh;]p Ntjk; $WtjpypUe;J mJ typAWj;jpaJ ,];yhj;ijNa vd;W tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;. n[huh];buh; xU J}juhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd fUj tha;g;Gs;sJ. md;dhiug; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; Fh;MdpYk; rupj;jpuj;jpYk; ,lk; ngwhjjhy; rupahf fzpf;f ,aytpy;iy. vdpDk; iru]; vd;W fpNuf;fh;fshy; N`huh]; uh[h vd;gth; n[huh];bu kj tpRthrpahf ,Ue;jhy; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j N`hu]; uh[h Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLk; Jy;fh;idd; vd;gth; Mthh;. Jy;fh;idd; vd;gjw;F ,Unfhk;Gilath; vd;W nghUs;. ghurPfj;jpy; ghrh;`hlh vd;Dkplj;jpy; mfo;thuha;r;rp nra;jjpy; fpilj;j N`huh]; uh[h rpiyapy; ,uz;L nfhk;G ,Ue;jJ vd;W nksyhdh mGk; fyhk; Mrhj; jd;Dila Fh;Md; jg;]Pupy; (ghfk; 2 - gf;fk; 400 y; $Wfpwhh;).

Jy;fh;idd; mth;fs; ,iwtDf;F mQ;rp ele;j kd;duhf ,Ue;jhh; vd;W Fh;Md; $WfpwJ. mth; egpahf ,Ue;jhh; vd;W NeubahfNth kiwKfkhfNth Fwpg;gpLk ve;j xU Mjhuj;ijAk; Fh;Mdpy; fhzKbatpy;iy. vdpDk; mth; xU ,iwtpRthrpahf ,Ue;jhh;.

ghgpNyhdpd; rf;uth;j;jp eG+f;gl; e];]h; (fp.K.745 - 734) vd;gth; A+jh;fspd; kj murpay; jiyik gPlkhapUe;j n[Uryj;jpd; kPJ Nghh; njhLj;J mth;fis mopj;J eph;%ykhf;fp A+jh;fs; gyiu rpiw gpbj;J ghgpNyhDf;F nfhz;L nrd;W mbikahf;fp itj;jpUe;jhd;. ,r;rk;gtk; Fwpj;J iggps; gioa Vw;ghL Vrhah E}y; Kd;dwptpg;G nra;fpwJ. mjpy; xU jPh;f;fjuprp tUthh;. mth; ghgpNyhid ntw;wp nfhs;thh;. A+jh;fis mbikj;jisapypUe;J kPl;ghh;. mtUila ngah; Nfhu]; Mf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W ( Vrhah 44:28> 45:1-4) $WfpwJ. mjw;Nfw;whh;Nghy; N`hu]; ghgpNyhid ntw;wpnfhz;L A+jh;fis tpLtpj;J nIUryKf;F mDg;gp itj;jdh;. e];h; mopj;j Njthyaj;ij Gdh; eph;khdk; nra;J nfhLj;J> A+jh;fsplkpUe;J eG+fj; e];]h; mgfupj;j nrhj;Jf;fisAk; jpUk;g toq;fpdh;. ,jdhy; ;ghurPf rf;uth;j;jpahf ,Ue;j N`hu];ia A+jh;fs; xU jPh;f;fjuprpahf fUjp tho;j;jpdhh;fs;.

N`hui] Fwpj;J mth;d vd; Nka;g;gd;. mtd; vUrNyik Nehf;fp eP fl;Lg;gL vd;Wk; Njthyaj;ij Nehf;fp eP m];jpghug;gL vd;Wk; nrhy;yp vdf;Fg; gpupakhdij epiwNtw;Wthd; vd;W nrhy;fpwth; ehd; (44:28).

fh;j;juhfpa ehd; mgpN\fk; gz;zpd NfhuRf;F Kd;ghf [hjpfisf; fPo;gLj;jp> uh[hf;fspd; ,ilf;fl;Lfis mtpo;f;Fk;gbf;Fk; mtDf;F Kd;ghf thry;fs; G+l;lg;glhjpUf;f> fjTfis jpwe;J itf;Fk;gbf;Fk; mtidg;ghh;j;J mtd; tyJ ifiag; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L> mtDf;Fr; nrhy;YfpwjhtJ ehd; cdf;F Kd;Nd Ngha; Nfhzyhditfisr; nrt;itahf;FNtd;. cd;idg; ngah; nrhy;yp miof;fpw ,];uNtypd; Njtdhfpa fh;j;jh; ehNd vd;W eP mwpAk;gbf;F ntz;fyf; fjTfis cilj;J ,Uk;Gj; jho;g;ghs;fis Kwpj;J me;j fhuj;jpy; ,Uf;fpw nghf;fp\q;fisAk; xspg;gplj;jpy; ,Uf;fpw Gijay;fisAk; cdf;Ff; nfhLg;Ngd;. ehd; vd; jhrdhfpa ahf;Nfhgpdpkpj;jk; ehd; njupe;J nfhz;l ,];uNtypdpkpj;jk; ehd; cd;idg; ngah; ;nrhy;yp mioj;J eP vd;id mwpahjpUe;Jk; cdf;Fk; ehkk; jupj;Nd; (Vrhah 45:1-4)

n[huh];vuh;fis mugpfs; k[_]pfs; vd;wiog;ghh;fs; jpUf;Fh;Md; (22:17) ,th;fis Ntjj;ijAilath;fNshL ,izj;Jk; $WfpwJ.

n[huh];buh;fs; Mjpapy; Vf nja;tf; nfhs;ifAilath;fshfNt ,Ue;jhh;fs;. mf;dp Fz;lj;ij fpg;yhthf (njhOifapy; Kd;Ndhf;f) itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; mf;dp Fz;lj;ij tzq;fj; Jtq;fptpl;lhh;fs;. ,jdhy; Vfj;nja;tf; nfhs;ifiatpl;L - mjhtJ ,];yhj;ij tpl;L mJ n[huh];bu kjkhf (ghh;]p kjkhf) khwpaJ.