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gpw kj Ntjq;fspy; ,];yhk; | |
| mG Mrpah | fzpzp Mf;fk;: ,iwaUs; |
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| gy nja;tq;fs; | gpusak; | ehfuPf je;ij | jpuhtplu;fs; | kjk; khwpNahu; | |||||
| rdhjhd kjk; | itj;jPf kjk; | gf;jp ,af;fq;fs; | ghu;]p kjk; | Kjy; gf;fk; | |||||
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Vd; ,e;j xg;gPl;Lg; ghu;it..? | |||||||||
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(why comparative study ?) | |||||||||
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vy;yh flTs;fSk; xd;Wjhd;. vy;yh kjq;fSk; me;j xU flTisr;
nrd;wilaf; $ba topjhd; vd;W $Wk; kjtpRthrpfisAk; fhz;fpNwhk;.
Nghd;w epahakhd Iaq;fSf;F njspthd tpilfisAk;>
kdpjh;fs; ,d;W kjj;jpd; ngauhy;> [hjpapd; ngauhy;
rz;ilapl;L kpUfq;fistpl Nkhrkhd epiyf;Fr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.
,jw;Ff; fhuzk;> jd;idg; gilj;j ,iwtd; ahh;? mtd; vg;gbg;gl;l ty;yik
kpf;ftd;? mtdhy; toq;fg;gl;l topfhl;Ljy; vJ? vd;gij rupahfg;
GupahjJjhd;.
Vf ,iwtd; ,g;gzpia Vw;Gilajhf;fpf; nfhs;thdhf! |
njhlu;: 2
,];yhk; vd;why; fl;Lg;gLjy;> fPo;g;gbjy; kw;Wk; rhe;jp>
rkhjhdk; vd;W gy nghUs;fs; cs;sd. khh;f;fk; vd;Dk; uPjpapy; ghh;g;Nghkhdhy; Vf
,iwtDf;F fl;Lgl;L> fPo;g;gbe;J ele;jhy; rhe;jp> rkhjhdj;Jld; jpfoyhk;
vd;fpwJ.
ehk; thOk; g+kp ek;iknay;yhk; <h;j;Jf; nfhz;L Rod;W
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j g+kp cl;gl xd;gjw;Fk; Fiwtpy;yhj fpufq;fis #upadhdJ
<h;j;Jf; nfhz;L Rod;W nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j #ow;rpapy; ve;j xU khw;wKk; ,y;iy.
xOq;F ,Uf;fpwJ. vq;Nf xOq;F ,Uf;fpwNjh> epr;rakhf mq;Nf fl;Lg;gLjy;
,Uf;fpwJ.
Ez;zpa mZf;fis vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. ,e;j mZf;fspNy
GNuhl;uhd;> epA+l;uhd;> vyf;l;uhd;> gahd;> rahd;> gh]pl;uhd;
my;yJ fhh;f;Ffs;> vd;d ngah; nfhz;L mioj;jhYk; ,itfnsy;yhk; VNjh xU khngUk;
rf;jpf;F fl;Lg;gl;Ljhd; ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. GNuhl;lhNdh> epA+l;uhNdh
jd;Dila ,lj;ij tpl;L rw;W mfd;Wtpl;lhy; NghJk; mZ gpugQ;rNk epiyj;J epw;fhJ vd;W
mZit Fwpj;J mwpe;j mwpQh;fs; $Wfpwhh;fs;.
Mf ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpypYs;s t];Jfis
vLj;J nfhz;L ghh;g;Nghkhdhy; kpfg; ngupa fpufq;fshapDk; rup> kpf Ez;zpa
mZf;fshapDk; rup ,itfnsy;yhk; VNjh khngUk; xU rf;jpf;F fl;Lg;gl;L ele;J
nfhz;bUg;gjdhy;jhd; ,e;j gpugQ;rNk xOq;fhf> rkhjhdkhf ,aq;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
,e;j cz;ikia gy E}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; vOjg;gl;l ,e;J kj
fpue;jq;fspy; $l fhzKbfpwJ. Kf;fpakhf RUjp me;j];J ngw;w> RUjp vd;why;
,iwtdplkpUe;J Nfl;fg;gl;lJ vd;W nghUs;. RUjp me;j];J ngw;w cgep\j;Jfspy; xd;whd
‘Kz;lNfh cgep\j;jpNy> ,uz;lhk; Kz;lfj;jpNy> ,uz;lhk; mj;jpahaj;jpNy 11
RNyhfk; $WfpwJ
e]j;u #h;Nahghjpd re;jpu
jhufk;
NtNkh tpj;aNjhghjp RNkha k];epf
rNkt ghe;jk; mDghjp
rh;tk;
j];ak; ghj;jh rh;tk; tpjk; tpghjp
#hpad; mJ n[hypj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gJ ahUf;Nfh fl;Lg;gl;lhFk;> ahUf;Nfh
gae;J nfhz;lhFk;;
re;jpud; mJ gpufhrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gJ ahUf;Nfh
fl;Lg;gl;lhFk;> ahUf;Nfh gae;J nfhz;lhFk;;
el;rj;jpuq;fs; mit
kpd;dpf;nfhz;bUg;gJk; ahUf;Nfh fl;Lg;gl;lhFk;> ahUf;Nfh gae;J nfhz;lhFk;
;;
MfNt khdplh! ePAk; me;j khngUk; rf;jpf;F fl;Lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w
Kz;lNfh cgep\k; $WfpwJ. ,e;j cgep\khdJ me;j khngUk; rf;jpia 'gukhj;kh" vd;Wk; 'gugpuk;k" vd;W $WfpwJ. mJNt
Ntjq;fspy; MFk; NghJ ',uz;afh;kd;"; vd;W 'gpurhgfd"; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ
,Nj fUj;ij iggpspNy $l
fhzg;gLfpwJ. iggpspNy> gioa Vw;ghl;bNy> rq;fPjk; vdg;gLk; E}ypNy 148
tJ mj;jpahaj;jpy; 1 njhlq;fp 11 tiu cs;s trdq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.
my;NyY}ah! fhj;;;jUila ehkj;ij Jjpg;gPuhf! my;NyY}ah!
thdq;fspy; cs;sitfNs! fh;j;jiu JjpAq;fs;!
thdj;jpd; kPJ cs;s NridfNs! fh;j;jiu JjpAq;fs;! Njth;fNs! fh;j;jiu JjpAq;fs;!
#h;a> re;jpuh;fNs! fh;j;jiu JjpAq;fs;! el;rj;jpuq;fNs! fh;j;jiu
JjpAq;fs;!
g+kpapy; cs;sitfNs! fh;j;jiu JjpAq;fs;! kiyfNs! kuq;fNs!
Fsq;fNs! MWfNs! ejpfNs! fh;j;jiu JjpAq;fs;! fd;dpfNs! gpuGf;fNs! fh;j;jiu
JjpAq;fs;!
vjw;fhf Jjpf;f Ntz;Lk;! mijAk; rq;fPjk; nrhy;ypj; jUfpd;wJ!
mtuy;yth cq;fis gilj;jJ! mtUila fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPoy;yth ePq;fnsy;yhk; ,aq;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPh;fs;! MfNt fh;j;jiu JjpAq;fs;! vd;W iggps;
$Wfpd;wJ.
iggpshdJ ,e;j fh;j;jiu> vN`hth vd;Wk; vNyh`pr; vd;Wk; vNyh`pk; vd;Wk;
miof;fpd;wJ.
,Nj fUj;ij jpUf;Fh;Mdpy; $l fhzKbfpwJ. jpUf;Fh;MdpNy 3tJ
mj;jpahaj;jpNy 83 tJ trdk; $Wfpd;wJ.
thdq;fspy; cs;sitfSk; g+kpapy; cs;sitfSk; tpUk;gpNah my;yJ eph;ge;j
uPjpahfNth mtDf;Nf fl;LgLfpd;wd. my;yh`;tpd; (,iwtdpd;) khh;f;fj;ij tpl;L
ePq;fs; vq;F nry;fpd;wPh;fs?;. ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; mtd; ghNy kPl;lg;gLtPh;fs;
(3:83) vd;W nrhy;fpwJ.
Mf jpUf;Fh;Mdhf ,Ue;jhYk; rup!
iggpshf
,Ue;jhYk; rup!
Kz;lNgh cgep\khf ,Ue;jhYk; rup!
Fh;Md; ve;j xU rkh;g;gzj;ij $Wfpd;wNjh! me;j rkh;g;gzk; jhd; ,];yhk;.
(mjhtJ fl;Lg;gLjy; vd;W nghUs;)
iggps; ve;j xU xOq;if> fl;Lg;ghl;il
$Wfpd;wNjh me;j fl;LghLjhd; ,];yhk;. (fl;Lg;gLjy; vd;gJjhd; ,];yhk;)
Kz;lNfh
cgep\k; ve;j xU fl;Lg;ghl;il $Wfpd;wNjh me;j fl;Lg;ghLjhd; ,];yhk;. (fl;Lg;gLjy;
vd;gJjhd; ,];yhk;)
fl;Lg;gLjy; vd;why;
rhjhuz fl;Lg;gLjyh?
Ntj ghufh; xUth; te;J ,NaR fpwp];Jtplk;
Nfl;fpwhh;.
fw;gidfspnyy;yhk; gpujhd fw;gid vJ? vd;W mjw;F ,NaR
fpwp];J $Wfpwhh;. ,];uNtyiu Nfs;!
fw;gidfspnyy;yhk; gpujhd fw;gid vd;gJ
cd;Dila Njtdhd fh;j;jh; xUtDf;Nf topgLtjhFk;. ,d;Dk; eP mtiu
G+uz
,jaj;NjhLk;
G+uz Mj;khNthLk;
G+uz kdj;NjhLk;
G+uz
gyj;NjhLk;
Nerpg;ghahf! vd;W $Wfpwhh;!
G+uz> G+uz vd;W
ehd;F Kiw $wg;gLfpwJ.
fl;Lg;gLjy; vd;why;> Nerpj;jy; vd;why;
kidtpia Nerpg;gJ Nghd;wh? my;yJ kf;fis Nerpg;gJ Nghd;wh? my;yJ ngw;Nwhh;fis
Nerpg;gJ Nghd;wh?
,iwtid Nerpg;gJ vd;gJ> fh;j;jiu Nerpg;gJ vd;gJ>
,iwtd;> fh;j;jh;> my;yh`; fhl;bj; je;j khh;f;f juprd mbg;bilapy; tzq;fp
topgLtJjhd; mJ> Nerpg;gJ vd;gJ. mg;Ngw;gl;l khh;f;f juprdj;ij tpsf;Ftjw;fhfj;
jhd; Mjk; njhlq;fp K`k;kJ tiu cs;s midj;J jPh;f;fjuprpfSk; ,e;j cyFf;F tUif
je;jhh;fs;.
Mjp kdpjdhd Mjk; mth;fis>
Fh;Md; Mjk; vd;W
nrhy;fpwJ!
iggps; Mjhk; vd;w nrhy;fpwJ!
gtp\;a Guhzk; Mjk; vd;W
nrhy;fpwJ.
Mjp jhahd `t;th mth;fis>
`t;th vd;W Fh;Md;
$WfpwJ
Vths; vd;W iggps; $WfpwJ
`t;a gpuhl;b vd;W gtp\;a Guhzk;
$WfpwJ.
jkpopy; $l Mjd; vd;Dk; nrhy; cz;L. Mjp kdpjd; vd;W nghUs; glf;$ba
Mjd; vd;W nrhy;Yk; cz;L.
me;j uPjpapy; Mjk; ekf;F me;epah;fs;
my;y!
me;j Mjk; mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l
khh;f;fk; jhd; ,];yhk;.
Mjj;jpw;F gpd; te;j k`hET vd;Wk; kDc vd;Dk;
miof;fg;gLfpd;w E}`; mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l khh;f;fk; jhd; ,];yhk;.
Nkhr];
mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l khh;f;fk; jhd; ,];yhk;.
[P]]; mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l
khh;f;fk; jhd; ,];yhk;.
K`k;kJ mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l khh;f;fk; jhd;
,];yhk;.
,];yhk; vd;why; me;epa khh;f;fky;y!
VNjh
muG ehl;;by; Njhd;wpa khh;f;fky;y!
K`k;kJ egpahy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l
khh;f;fKky;y!
Mjp kdpjuhfpa Mjk; mth;fis vd;iwf;F G+kpapy; ,iwtd; ,wf;fp
itj;jhNdh md;Nw ,wf;fp mUsg;gl;l xU khh;f;f juprdk;jhd; ,];yhk;.
md;W
njhlq;fp vq;nfy;yhk; ,iwtd; jPh;f;f juprpfis mDg;gp itj;jhNdh mth;fs; midtUk;
nfhz;L te;j khh;f;fKk; ,];yhkhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ.
Nfl;fyhk;! K`k;kJ nfhz;L
te;j khh;f;fk; jhd; ,];yhk; vd;W cs;sJ. kw;w J}jh;fs; (jPh;f;f juprpfs;) nfhz;L
te;j ,];yhk; vq;Nf Nghapw;W vd;W!
,d;W ehk; fhZk;
,e;J kjkhf
,Ue;jhYk; rup!
fpw];Jtkhf ,Ue;jhYk; rup!
A+jkhf ,Ue;jhYk;
ru!p
nghsj;jkhf ,Ue;jhYk; rup!
,itfnsy;yhk; xU fhyj;jpy;
,];yhkhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. Mk; ,];yhkhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ.
,e;J kjj;ij vLj;Jf;
nfhs;Nthk;.
,e;J kjkhdJ ,e;J vd;Dk; nrhy;yhdJ> gz;ila
Ntjq;fspNyh> cgep\j;JfspNyh> Muz;aq;fspNyh> gpuhkzq;fspNyh fhz Kbahj xU
nrhy;yhfTk;. ,ij Rthkp tpNtfhde;jUk; nrhy;Yfpwhh;. fhQ;rp rq;fuhr;rhupahUk;
nrhy;Yfpwhh;.
MjpapNy mJ rdhjd jh;kk; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ> ]\;tj;
jh;kk; vd;w miof;fg;gl;lJ> ];t jh;kk; vd;w
miof;fg;gl;lJ.
,];yhj;jpw;f;F gy ngah;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. jPNd fa;Ak;>
jPDs; gpj;h; ,itnsy;yhk; ,];yhj;jpw;fhd kWngah;fs;. Fh;Md;
$wpj;jUfpd;wJ.
,dp rdhjd jh;kj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. rdhjdk; vd;why;>
rk];fpUjj;jpNy rdhjdk; vd;why;> epiyahd> njhlh;r;rpahd> njhd;ikahd vd;W
nghUs;.
]\;tj; vd;why; Neupa top. thdq;fisAk;> G+kpiaAk; xd;wpidf;ff;
$ba cah;e;j vz;zq;fis nfhz;l Neh;top. ,e;j rdhjdj;ijAk;> ]\;tj;ijAk;
xd;wpidf;ff;$ba ngauhf Fh;Md; $WfpwJ jPNd fa;Ak;.
];tg;` epahf;
fh;kk;
khh;f;fk; ,aw;ifahdJ ngw;NwhUf;F cupaJ my;y gftj;
fPij(18:45>47)$WfpwJ.
,ijNa my;yh`;Tila khh;f;fk;> jPDy; gpj;u;>
,aw;ifahd Kiwapy; mike;j khh;f;fk; vd;W Fh;Md; $WfpwJ.
,jpypUe;J rdhjd
jh;kk;> \\;tj; jh;kk;;> ];t jh;kk; vd;gnjy;yhk; rk];fpUj nkhopapyike;j
,];yhj;jpd; kWngah;fs; vd;W tpsq;fpnfhs;syhk;.
,dp iggpis vLj;Jf;
nfhs;Nthk;.
,NaR fpwp];J $Wfpwhh;.
guNyhfj;jpy; ,Uf;ff;$ba vd;Dila
gpjhtpd; rpj;jj;jpd;gb vtd; elf;fpwhNdh mtd; guNyhf uh[;[paj;ij milthd;.
guNyhfj;jpy; ,Uf;ff;$ba vd;Dila gpjhtpd; rpj;jj;jpd; gb> vd;Dila gpjhtpd;
fl;lisg;gb> vd;Dila gpjhtpd; ,];yhj;jpd; gb vtd; elf;fpwhNdh mtd; guNyhf
uh[;[paj;ij milthd;.
,d;Dk; khj;jpa+tpNy 7 tJ mj;jpahaj;jpy; 21 tJ trdk;
$WfpwJ.
ehd; rkhjhdj;ij itj;Jtpl;L NghfpNwd;> vd;Dila rkhjhdj;ij
itj;Jtpl;L NghfpNwd;. vd;W.
,d;Dk; NahthdpNy 14 MtJ mj;jpahaj;jpNy 27 tJ
trdk; $WfpwJ.
ehd; ,];yhj;ij itj;J tpl;L NghfpNwd;. vd;Dila ,];yhj;ij
itj;Jtpl;L NghfpNwd;. vd;W nghUshfpwJ.
Mf ,];yhk; vd;Dk; nrhy;iy>
mjw;Fupa nghUis itj;J ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ mJ ekf;F xU me;;epakhd ngauy;y khwhf
Ke;ija kj Ntjq;fspYk; typAWj;jg;gl;l xU nghJthd ngaNu vd;gJ tpsq;FfpwJ.